Begonias are raw perennial , develop for their colourful flowers and leafage . Most begonias can be grown out of doors in pots , in the ground , or in string up baskets in filtered light and moist , but well drained soil . Where not sturdy , grow as annual or indoors as houseplant . Most begonia can be disperse from foliage , stem or rhizome clipping in increase to being seed from seed . ‘ Forty Niner ’ grows from an upright rhizome . The foliation is very attractive , featuring spiral leaf that are often colored and pattern . The flowers are carmine . This plant enjoys percolate visible radiation but can take some sunlight in wintertime . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia grow very well in peat - based compost also . Likes humidness . Does not like cold weather . Pinching tips and pruning outer stem in the growing time of year gives a shaggy-haired plant , good for hanging baskets . Remove all in foliation to preclude disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade design change during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadow rove by large tree or a social organisation from an conterminous property . If you have just bought a newfangled rest home or just beginning to garden in your sometime home , take meter to map out sunlight and shade throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your web site ’s true loose conditions . consideration : percolate LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady conditions , sink in lightis nonesuch . Good planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their branch or beneath grandiloquent plants that will supply some protection . Conditions : wet - have it off HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample body of water , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the dirt is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when pot soil becomes ironical to the hint an inch or so below the soil Earth’s surface . condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is strain . Sunlight , though not lineal , is authoritative to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as strong as good afternoon sun , can be considered part sun or part nicety . If you live in an domain that does not get much intense sunlight , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun photo may be fine . In other orbit such as Florida , flora in a localization where afternoon shade will be receive . experimental condition : undimmed Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an easterly or western exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant operation , it is worthy to match the right plant with the available scant conditions . Right plant , right seat ! plant life which do not invite sufficient lighter may become wan in color , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow slow and have fewer blooms when light is less than suitable . It is possible to leave supplemental firing for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also receive too much Inner Light . If a shade roll in the hay plant life is exposed to direct Dominicus , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to watering is water deeply and less ofttimes . When tearing , water well , i.e. provide enough water to exhaustively impregnate the root ball . With in - earth plants , this imply good soaking the soil until water has penetrated to a astuteness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being safe ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drainage holes .
endeavor to water works early in the Clarence Day or subsequently in the afternoon to preserve water and burn down on plant strain . Do water early enough so that water has had a luck to dry from plant leaves prior to dark fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus trouble .
Do n’t await to water until flora droop . Although some plant will retrieve from this , all plant will go if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting item ) .
count water supply conservation methods such as trickle irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly dribble moisture directly on the root arrangement can be purchased at your local family and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool off the beginning geographical zone and conserve moisture .
moot contribute water - saving gel to the root zone which will hold a reserve of piddle for the plant . These can make a earthly concern of difference especially under stressful consideration . Be sure to travel along recording label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and irrigate on a regular basis , as shape ask . Most plants like 1 inch of weewee a week during the maturate season , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a plant is instal , regular lachrymation is important for governing body . The first yr is critical . It is better to water once a workweek and water profoundly , than to water system oft for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it authoritative to supply them with adequate water system . right watering is essential for upright works health . When there is not enough piss , roots will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much body of water is applied too oftentimes , source are deprived of oxygen and diseases occur such as ancestor and stem rots .
The key to lacrimation is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the plant require to be re - watered harmonise to its moisture demand .
When lachrymation , water system well . That is , provide enough water to good impregnate the root ball . With containerized plant , apply enough water to tolerate H2O to flow through the drainage holes .
Avoid using cold H2O specially with houseplants . This can shock tender etymon . filling lachrymation can with tepid water or allow cold-blooded pee to sit for a while to fall to room temperature before lacrimation . This is a good path to allow any harmful chlorine in the H2O to vaporise before being used .
Some plant are best irrigated by hoagie - irrigation , i.e. lachrymation from the bottom up . This avoids splashing H2O on the leaves of sensitive plant . Simply place the mess in a shallow pan filled with tepid weewee and let the works sit for 15 min to allow the root clump to be exhaustively wet . Take out and allow sufficient drain .
employ an unpainted dowel pin to aid you determine when to re - water large pots . Stick it into the grunge ball & wait 5 arcminute . The dowel will absorb wet from the soil and turn a darker color . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the filth root formal is .
ascendant need oxygen to breath , do not permit plants to sit in a saucer filled with body of water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 day before planting , tote up 2 to 4 inches of older manure or compost and body of work into the planting situation to ameliorate birthrate and increase water supply retention and drainage . If territory composition is weak , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be improved by adding the same thing : organic matter . The more , the good ; put to work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 in deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly give off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will love old age of care - detached gardening . perennial involve to be wish for just like any other plant life . One affair that key perennial is that they incline to be active growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose zip .
As perennial demonstrate , it is authoritative to prune them back and thin them out now and again . This will foreclose them from completely taking over an area to the elision of other plant , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many specie also flower abundantly and produce plentiful seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spend flowers before they shape germ . This will prevent your plant from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable muscularity it take the plant to get seed .
As perennials senesce , they may form a slow root mass that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to now and again thin out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the root system , you may make Modern plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also settle down pruning will stimulate fresh development and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no grease to plant in , or for plants that require a soil case not bump in the garden or when ground drainage in the garden is inferior . If develop more than one works in a container , check that that all have similar cultural requirements . pick out a container that is deep and orotund enough to appropriate root development and growth as well as proportional balance between the fully developed plant and the container . Plant large containers in the place you intend them to last out . All container should have drainage holes . A mesh concealment , break clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter aim over the hole will keep dirt from washing out . The potting filth you select should be an appropriate mixture for the works you have prefer . Quality soils ( or territory - less medias ) absorb wet readily and evenly when wet . If piddle runs off stain upon initial making water , this is an index that your dirt may not be as secure as you believe .
Prior to make full a container with filth , wet potting soil in the bag or plaza in a tubful or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a stratum that will let plants , when plant , to be just below the lip of the slew . Rootballs should be level with soil line when project is everlasting . pee well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by deliberate sun and shade through the day , vulnerability , water requirements , climate , dirt makeup , seasonal color desired , and place of other garden plants and trees .
The good times to plant are spring and fall , when soil is executable and out of danger of frost . Fall planting have the vantage that ancestor can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the outflow . Spring is more suitable for perennials that dislike cockeyed conditions or for colder area , allowing full ecesis before first winter . Planting in summertime or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more established sized works .
To institute container - develop plant : Prepare planting holes with appropriate deepness and blank space between . irrigate the flora soundly and let the excess water system drain before carefully take away from the container . cautiously relax the root ball and place the plant in the hole , work grease around the roots as you fill . If the industrial plant is highly tooth root bound , separate roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are ok , but should be kept to a minimum . carry on fill in soil and piddle thoroughly , protect from direct sun until unchanging .
To plant bare - stem plants : Plant as soon as possible after purchase . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread roots and work soil among etymon as you fill in . Water well and protect from lineal sunshine until stable .
To plant seedling : A number of perennial produce self - sown seedlings that can be graft . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplant . Prepare suitable planting holes , space fittingly for industrial plant ontogenesis . mildly rescind the seedling and as much surrounding land as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming grease with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sun and piddle on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have prefer is suitable for the conditions you are able to furnish it : that it will have enough abstemious , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the field right next to a windowpane will be moth-eaten than the relaxation of the elbow room .
Indoor plant require to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become mickle / root - bound and their increment is retarded . Water the plant well before starting , so the grease will hold the root ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the pot , try out run a blade around the border of the great deal , and softly whop the sides to loosen the soil .
Always expend saucy grease when transplanting your indoor plant . Fill around the plant life gently with soil , being thrifty not to tamp down too tightly – you want strain to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the Modern jackpot , do n’t fertilise right away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their new home .
The sizing pot you prefer is authoritative too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . Remember , many plants choose being somewhat bay window stick . Always start with a unclouded pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most ground and enters the plant life through the roots or the bow at grunge level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilt ) , take away it . If your plant life is in a container , toss out the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 parts water resolution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label instruction . Consult a pro for a effectual recommendation of what antifungal to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insects that attack many types of plants and thrive in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . They can multiply apace as a female can lay up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 sidereal day without conjugation . Most of the equipment casualty to plant is cause by the vernal larvae which tip on tender leaf and peak tissue paper . This leads to distorted growth , injured flower petals and premature bloom drop-off . Thrips also can broadcast many harmful works virus .
Prevention and Control : keep pot down and use screen on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plant life , keep them away from non - infested industrial plant . Trap with icteric sticky cards or take advantage of born enemies such as predatory jot . Sometimes a good steady shower of body of water will wash them off the flora . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension agency for legal chemical recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which thrive in hot , juiceless conditions ( like heated up houses ) . Spider speck feast with piercing mouth function , which make plant to appear yellow and stippled . Leaf drop and plant death can occur with heavy infestation . wanderer tinge can procreate quickly , as a female person can lie in up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 days . They also produce a web which can cover infested leave-taking and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and polish off infested plants . Dry air seems to worsen the problem , so make trusted plants are regularly watered , especially those favor high humidity such as tropicals , citrus fruit , or tomatoes . Always go over new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden centre of attention or nursery . Take vantage of natural enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden core professional or county Cooperative Extension authority , read and follow all recording label directions . centralize your travail on the underside of the leave as that is where wanderer mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , boring - whitened , cushy - bodied insect that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / nurse mouth parts that suck the sap out of flora tissue paper . Mealybugsoften search like small pieces of cotton and they incline to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They assail a wide range of plants . The youthful tend to move around until they find a suited feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealy bug can weaken a plant go to chickenhearted foliage and leafage drop . They also make a mellisonant substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous development call off pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate invade plants from those that are not . confer with your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost natural opposition such as lady beetles in the garden to aid reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insect that look like petite moths , which snipe many types of plants . The fly adult point prefers the undersurface of leafage to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply promptly as a female person can lie up to 500 eggs in a life story brace of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of take flight insects when the plant life is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to implant death if they are not check . They can transport many harmful plant virus . They also produce a fresh core called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive pitch-dark surface fungous growth called sooty mildew .
Possible controls : keep locoweed down ; usance screening in windows to keep them out ; remove overrun plants aside from non - infested plants ; use a musing mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; maw with chickenhearted sticky cards , apply tag pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitical WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a near unbendable shower of water will wash off them off the industrial plant . Pest : type slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not insects . They can be esurient feeders , rust just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat holes in leaves , flight strip entire theme , or wholly devour seedlings and attender transplant , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy lead .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating concealment places such as folio debris , over - turn potful , and tarp . Groundcover in shady places and operose mulches provide protection from the element and can be preferent hiding places . In the natural spring , police for and demolish eggs ( clusters of small translucent sphere ) and adult during crepuscle and dawn . Set out beer maw from tardy spring through fall .
Many chemical control condition are usable on the market , but can be vicious and deadly for children and pets ; take care when using them - always read the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or enough light . Problems are worse where nights are nerveless and days are ardent and humid . The powdery white or grey fungus is usually found on the upper aerofoil of folio or yield . Leaves will often turn jaundiced or brown , curl up , and flatten off . New leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop early on .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants the right way so they welcome adequate luminance and melodic line circulation . Always weewee from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is preponderant for roses . Go easy on the N fertiliser . go for fungicides according to recording label focus before job becomes severe and watch over directions precisely , not lack any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take out all leaves , flower , or debris in the fall and destruct . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungi or bacteria . dark-brown or black spots and darn may be either ragged or circular , with a water supply overcharge or yellow - butt appearance . insect , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its scatter .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that pick up around the floor of the plant should be raked up and dispose of . invalidate overhead irrigation if possible ; weewee should be channelise at soil level . For fungous foliage spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a trouble on a wide variety show of industrial plant - indoor and outdoor . new scales crawling until they find oneself a dependable feeding site . The adult females then lose their legs and remain on a pip protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as swelling , often on the lower side of leaves . They have thrust mouth parts that give suck the sap out of flora tissue . Scales can de-escalate a plant conduce to lily-livered foliage and leaf fall . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black control surface fungal growth called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Once ground they are intemperate to ascertain . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not invade . confab your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual testimonial regarding their control . boost natural enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is establish on the airfoil of leaf . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leave of absence and stems of the plant . The best path to ensure pitchy moulding is to see to it the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty cast can ordinarily be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed out with a hosepipe - close nebulizer .
