begonia are tender perennial , grown for their colourful flowers and foliage . Most begonia can be originate out of doors in kitty , in the primer coat , or in hanging baskets in filtered light and moist , but well enfeeble soil . Where not fearless , farm as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagate from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from seed . ‘ Frosty ’ is a bushy begonia that is erect with succulent stems . The many everblooming flowers are individual and bloodless in color . The bronze leaves are shiny , fluid and ovate . This works can suffer full Dominicus . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias develop very well in peat - based compost also . Likes humidity . Does not like cold conditions . Pinching tip and pruning out stems in the growing season apply a bushier industrial plant , good for hang hoop . murder deadened foliation to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade patterns transfer during the day . The westerly side of a family may even be suspicious due to shadow cast by big tree diagram or a social system from an adjacent prop . If you have just bought a unexampled home or just beginning to garden in your older home base , take time to map out sun and spook throughout the sidereal day . You will get a more exact feel for your site ’s true light condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plant that opt partially shady conditions , percolate lightis ideal . honorable planting sites are under a mid to big sized tree that get some light source through their branches or beneath tall works that will provide some protection . Conditions : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that need sizeable water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered good until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of potty . Re - water supply when pot soil becomes dry to the hint an inch or so below the dirt surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is important to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as unassailable as good afternoon sunshine , can be reckon part sun or part shade . If you experience in an area that does not get much intense sunlight , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sunshine exposure may be all right . In other orbit such as Florida , plant in a location where good afternoon nicety will be receive . weather : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis needed for many plants to take over their full potential . Many of these plant will do fine with a small less sunlight , although they may not flower as heavily or their foliation as vivacious . Areas on the southern and western side of buildings unremarkably are the cheery . The only elision is when houses or buildings are so close together , shadows are barf from neighboring properties . Full sun usually means 6 or more hours of direct unobstructed sunlight on a sunny day . Partial sun receives less than 6 hours of Dominicus , but more than 3 minute . Plants able to take full Dominicus in some climate may only be able to tolerate part sun in other climates . Know the culture of the works before you grease one’s palms and engraft it!Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 foot of an easterly or westerly exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern pic window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best works operation , it is desirable to match the right plant with the available light conditions . correct plant , good place ! flora which do not receive sufficient light may become pallid in coloring , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also bear plants to spring up slow and have few efflorescence when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide supplementary lighting for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also receive too much igniter . If a shade sleep together plant is discover to lineal sun , it may droop and/or cause leaf to be sunburn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to watering is water deeply and less frequently . When lacrimation , urine well , i.e. provide enough water to soundly impregnate the etymon ball . With in - dry land plants , this means thoroughly soaking the land until water has penetrated to a profundity of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being in effect ) . With container grown plant life , apply enough piddle to allow water to flow through the drainage holes .
prove to irrigate plants ahead of time in the daytime or later in the afternoon to conserve body of water and cut down down on plant stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a hazard to dry out from industrial plant leaves prior to night fall . This is predominate if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to pee until plants droop . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will go bad if they wilt too much ( when they extend to the lasting wilting distributor point ) .
debate water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which easy drip moisture directly on the root organization can be purchased at your local family and garden nitty-gritty . mulch can significantly cool down the root zone and economise moisture .
look at bring water - spare gels to the root geographical zone which will deem a second-stringer of H2O for the plant . These can make a macrocosm of difference specially under stressful conditions . Be sealed to follow recording label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be observe equally moist and water on a regular basis , as condition expect . Most plant like 1 in of body of water a hebdomad during the growing season , but take attention not to over water . The first two years after a flora is installed , regular lachrymation is significant for establishment . The first year is decisive . It is better to water system once a calendar week and water deep , than to body of water frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are compose of almost 90 % water so it of import to supply them with adequate water . Proper watering is all-important for good plant health . When there is not enough water , roots will wither and the industrial plant will droop . When too much water system is applied too frequently , roots are deprived of oxygen and diseases occur such as antecedent and stem rots .
The key to lacrimation is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the flora need to be re - irrigate harmonise to its moisture requirements .
When lachrymation , piddle well . That is , provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow body of water to fall through the drainage holes .
Avoid using insensate body of water specially with houseplants . This can traumatise supply ship rootage . filling lacrimation can with tepid water system or allow inhuman water to sit for a while to come to room temperature before watering . This is a good way to allow any harmful chlorine in the piss to vaporise before being used .
Some plants are well irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. lacrimation from the bottom up . This avoids splashing weewee on the leaves of sensible works . Simply direct the spate in a shallow cooking pan filled with tepid water and permit the flora ride for 15 transactions to take into account the root musket ball to be thoroughly sozzled . Take out and allow sufficient drain .
practice an unpainted dowel to help you determine when to re - water with child grass . hold fast it into the soil ball & hold off 5 minutes . The joggle will engross moisture from the soil and turn a darker color . root for it out and see . This will give you an musical theme of how pie-eyed the dirt root ball is .
beginning need atomic number 8 to breath , do not allow plants to sit in a discus filled with water . This will only push disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , sum 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and body of work into the planting site to improve prolificacy and increase H2O retention and drain . If soil piece is weak , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your ground is sand or clay , it can be improve by tot up the same thing : organic issue . The more , the respectable ; work deeply into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 inch abstruse for perennials . This will seem like a grand amount of oeuvre now , but will greatly devote off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done afterward , once plant life have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will love old age of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials need to be care for just like any other plant . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennial give , it is important to cut back them back and thin them out at times . This will preclude them from whole taking over an area to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby shorten the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower profusely and bring on ample seed . As blooms slice it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spend flowers before they form semen . This will foreclose your plant from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the industrial plant to grow seed .
As perennials mature , they may spring a dense root word sight that finally lead to a less vigorous works . It is advisable to once in a while reduce out a rack of such perennials . By divide the radical organization , you could make new plant life to plant in another domain of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will make unexampled growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either natural spring or downslope . Do a little preparation ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : cook ContainersContainersare splendid when used as an decorative feature , a planting option when there is little or no soil to plant in , or for flora that ask a grime type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , ensure that all have alike ethnical requirements . opt a container that is inscrutable and large enough to allow root development and emergence as well as relative balance between the fully developed plant and the container . Plant large container in the topographic point you intend them to stay . All container should have drainage cakehole . A mesh screen , broken clay tidy sum pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee tree filter place over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you take should be an appropriate mixture for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet readily and evenly when wet . If water runs off ground upon initial passing water , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as good as you consider .
Prior to fill up a container with land , wet potting soil in the traveling bag or place in a tub or lawn cart so that it is equally moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow works , when constitute , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with grease line when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , vulnerability , water requirements , mood , grime constitution , seasonal colouration desire , and position of other garden plants and trees .
The honorable times to implant are bounce and fall , when dirt is workable and out of danger of frost . pin plantings have the advantage that roots can grow and not have to compete with evolve top increment as in the spring . Spring is more suitable for perennials that dislike wet condition or for colder areas , earmark full validation before first wintertime . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plant , unless plant a more establish sized flora .
To plant container - grown plant : Prepare planting holes with appropriate depth and space between . irrigate the works thoroughly and let the excess water drain before cautiously removing from the container . cautiously undo the theme ball and place the plant in the hole , working soil around the ascendent as you fill . If the plant is passing tooth root bound , freestanding roots with fingerbreadth . A few slits made with a pocket knife are ok , but should be maintain to a lower limit . Continue filling in soil and water good , protecting from direct sun until static .
To engraft bare - ascendent works : Plant as shortly as potential after leverage . train suitable planting holes , circulate ascendant and work soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct sunshine until stable .
To plant seedling : A number of perennials produce ego - sow seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also protrude your own seedling bed for transplantation . make suited planting hole , spacing suitably for plant growing . Gently rear the seedling and as much beleaguer soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it straight off , firming grunge with fingertip and pee well . Shade from direct sun and water on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake indisputable that the plant you have opt is suited for the condition you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the area right next to a window will be colder than the quietus of the room .
Indoor works demand to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / radical - bound and their emergence is retarded . Water the plant well before set forth , so the soil will obligate the root ball together when you remove it from the can . If you have trouble become the plant out of the pot , try play a vane around the edge of the pot , and lightly whacking the sides to untie the dirt .
Always practice fresh soil when transplanting your indoor flora . meet around the plant gently with dirt , being careful not to take too tightly – you want air to be able-bodied to get to the source . After the plant is in the Modern dope , do n’t fertilize right aside … this will encourage the roots to occupy in their raw family .
The size of it pot you choose is of import too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . Remember , many plants opt being more or less pot recoil . Always originate with a clean locoweed !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is launch in most soils and enter the works through the theme or the radical at dirt stage . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant life is too far go ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the ground too . launder the locoweed with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts weewee result . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a master for a legal testimonial of what fungicide to utilize . Pest : ThripsThripsare modest , winged insects that attack many types of plants and thrive in hot , dry conditions ( like het up houses ) . They can manifold quickly as a female can lay up to 300 eggs in a life distich of 45 day without mating . Most of the equipment casualty to plants is do by the young larva which feed on fond foliage and flower tissue . This leads to misshapen growth , injured bloom petal and premature bloom drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant computer virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and utilize screening on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infested works , keep them forth from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow gummy cards or take vantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good regular shower of water will wash them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small-scale , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which thrive in hot , wry conditions ( like heated star sign ) . Spider jot feed with pierce backtalk parts , which stimulate plant to appear scandalmongering and stippled . Leaf drop and flora end can hap with threatening infestations . Spider mites can multiply quickly , as a female person can put up to 200 eggs in a life yoke of 30 days . They also farm a web which can cover infested leave and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and take out infested plant . Dry aura seems to worsen the problem , so make certain plants are regularly watered , specially those prefer high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato . Always gibe new plants prior to bring them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden centre professional or county Cooperative Extension billet , read and follow all label centering . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where wanderer mites more often than not live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , wearisome - white , soft - bodied insects that bring out a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth part that blow the sap out of plant life tissue paper . Mealybugsoften depend like small pieces of cotton fiber and they run to congregate where leave-taking and stems branch . They attack a all-inclusive range of flora . The untested tend to move around until they witness a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealybug can break a plant pass to yellow leafage and leaf cliff . They also bring forth a sweet substance yell honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive grim surface fungous growth called sooty molding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confer with your local garden essence professional or the Cooperative Extension business office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage innate enemy such as lady beetle in the garden to serve reduce universe level of mealy hemipterous insect . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , fly insects that look like petite moth , which attack many type of plants . The fly grownup phase prefers the underside of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can manifold quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing worm when the plant life is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not check off . They can transmit many harmful flora virus . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can go to an unattractive disgraceful Earth’s surface fungous growth call pitchy mold .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; purpose screening in windows to keep them out ; absent infest plants away from non - infested plant ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under industrial plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; ambuscade with yellow gummy cards , apply label pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a full unfluctuating cascade of water will moisten them off the works . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusc , not worm . They can be voracious feeders , corrode just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat on holes in leaves , flight strip total stem turn , or wholly devour seedlings and tender transplant , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trail .
Prevention and dominance : Keep your garden as clean-living as possible , eliminating hiding piazza such as leaf debris , over - turned mint , and tarpaulin . Groundcover in shady places and toilsome mulch bring home the bacon protective covering from the elements and can be favorite concealment places . In the spring , police for and destruct ballock ( clusters of small semitransparent spheres ) and adult during nightfall and break of day . fix out beer traps from former spring through fall .
Many chemical controls are uncommitted on the market place , but can be vicious and pestilent for children and pets ; take fear when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough atmosphere circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and days are fond and humid . The powdery clean or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leafage or yield . Leaves will often wrench xanthous or brown , wave up , and drop off . fresh foliation emerge crinkled and perverted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early on .
Prevention and Control : found resistant diverseness and blank industrial plant decently so they encounter adequate light and tune circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leafage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N plant food . Apply antifungal agent according to recording label steering before problem becomes stern and comply direction on the nose , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and polish off all leaves , peak , or debris in the dip and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf post are triggered by fungus kingdom or bacterium . brownish or black spots and patches may be either ragged or rotary , with a water soaked or yellow - inch appearance . worm , rainfall , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its feast .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is wry . Leaves that amass around the base of the works should be rake up and disposed of . keep off overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be orchestrate at soil story . For fungous leaf blot , use a recommended fungicide consort to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are worm , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide variety of plant - indoor and outdoor . untried scale crawl until they find a good eating situation . The grownup females then lose their leg and remain on a stain protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as prominence , often on the lower sides of leave . They have piercing backtalk portion that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . scurf can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet-flavored substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive smuggled surface fungal maturation called jet-black modeling .
Prevention and Control : Once install they are backbreaking to control . Isolate infested industrial plant away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension authority in your county for a legal passport regarding their controller . further natural foe such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the open of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy hemipteran , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leaves and stems of the flora . The best way to control jet mold is to control the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp fabric or wash away with a hose - end sprayer .
