Fraxinus augustifolia is a magnanimous , deciduous tree . It forms a rounded , broad spreading crown with shiny , pinnate , dark green folio above , with paler dark-green undersides , release golden - yellow in the declivity . Leaves are up to 10 inch long , often in whols of 3 , each with up to 13 narrow , lance - form leaflets . This species will suffer reasonably dry , acidic to alkaline soils . Native of S.W. Europe and N. Africa .
Google Plant Images : click here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will mark that sun and shadowiness patterns change during the day . The western side of a theater may even be shady due to shadows cast by big tree or a bodily structure from an contiguous holding . If you have just bought a unexampled home or just get to garden in your older home , take fourth dimension to map out sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your website ’s true light conditions . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young works to push branching . Doing this avoids the demand for more stern pruning later on .
cutting involves remove whole branches back to the proboscis . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to allow more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to start thinning is to begin by move out beat or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to exert the desired shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is advocate that you do not remove more than one third of a plant life at a fourth dimension . think of to bump off branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , reduce back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural smell . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant operation , it is worthy to match the right plant with the available light conditions . Right plant , ripe space ! Plants which do not take in sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow slower and have fewer flower when light is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplementary inflammation for indoor industrial plant with lamps . Plants can also receive too much light . If a shade loving plant is exposed to direct sun , it may droop and/or make leave to be burn or otherwise damaged . stipulation : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hour of continuous , lineal sunshine per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the Earth’s surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is misfortunate where water supply tabular array is high , put in an cloak-and-dagger drain organization . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . French waste pipe are ditch that have been fill with gravel . It is o.k. to set superoxide dismutase on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where feel are n’t as of import , think of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch take with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel occupy pit where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptical and satiate with gravel or crushed stone , pass with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other the great unwashed ’s dimension . If you do not feel that you may implement a viable solution on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on natural rain . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hose , tearing can or wand .
The winder to watering is water deeply and less frequently . When lachrymation , water well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - ground plants , this mean thoroughly pawn the ground until water has penetrated to a profoundness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown industrial plant , apply enough water supply to allow water to flow through the drainage fix .
attempt to irrigate plant early on in the day or subsequently in the good afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant accent . Do water early enough so that urine has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to night crepuscule . This is paramount if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t expect to water supply until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will pop off if they wilt too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water preservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly drip wet now on the radical system can be purchase at your local home and garden center . mulch can significantly cool the tooth root zone and husband moisture .
Consider add water - saving colloidal gel to the root zone which will hold a reserve of water for the industrial plant . These can make a world of dispute especially under stressful shape . Be sealed to follow recording label directions for their use .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be keep equally moist and watered regularly , as circumstance require . Most plants like 1 inch of water a week during the growing time of year , but take upkeep not to over pee . The first two days after a works is installed , regular lacrimation is significant for establishment . The first year is decisive . It is better to water once a calendar week and body of water deeply , than to water frequently for a few minutes . How - to : Reduce WateringThis plant requires less watering during winter months , so reduce lacrimation from late November through early March .
Planting
Deciduous trees like maples ( those that loose their leaves in the declination ) can be dug up and trade with their scanty ascendent exposed . Because most of the root arrangement is lost in prod , sufficient top growth should be removed to compensate for this loss . This may be done at the glasshouse before you buy the plant or you may have to crop at the time of planting . Select and head back the best scaffold branch , i.e. those subdivision which will shape the primary sidelong complex body part of the future fledged tree . take away all other outside side ramification . If the tree seedling does not have offshoot , admit it to grow to the hope altitude of branching then pinch it back to excite the lower bud to form branch .
Ball and burlap trees are dug up with their root system somewhat intact . This was mostly done for coniferous tree and broadleaf evergreens , but has become common for deciduous trees as well . Since some root wad is lost in the savvy degree , a visible light pruning is loosely called for . maneuver back the plant to pay for this deprivation and to raise ramify .
Trees that are grown in containers generally do not loose roots in the transplanting stage . Therefore you do not by and large have to lop them unless there is some root injury or limb damage in the planting unconscious process .
Once you have your tree diagram planted , be patient . Do not remove shoot from the trunk early on as these admit the tree to grow more rapidly and also shade the tender young trunk from sun - scald . look a few old age to commence training the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree to its ultimate frame . How - to : Staking TreesStakingis done other than depending on the sizing and flexibility of the tree diagram , and the windiness of the planting site . in the main only trees that are planted in wordy , expose locations need to be staked . For most Tree , a miserable stake is preferred , to let the tree move naturally . For tedious area or pliable trees , expend a high stake . For trees more than 12 foot tall , utilise two down post on paired side of the tree or several guy ropes . The ties used need to accommodate development and not cause bark damage with rubbing . Buckle - and - spacer tie can be find at garden centers , they are expansile and have a protective spacer . Ties without spacers should be formed into a figure eight to produce padding . Latest study have shown that when stake a tree , supply enough leeway so that the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree can move back and forth in the confidential information . Stronger roots will develop this path . If the tree can not move back and forth , these of import etymon will not develop and the tree might descend over during a violent storm , once stakes are removed . When planting a Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , wager at the fourth dimension of planting if staking is a requirement . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an area for the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is about 3 or 4 time the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . practice a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the slope of the hole .
If container - grown , put the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree on its side and transfer the container . Loosen the roots around the boundary without break up the root lump too much . Position tree in inwardness of hole so that the unspoilt side face onwards . You are ready to get filling in with grime .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , lay it in hole so that the best side face ahead . unbrace or dispatch nails from burlap at top of ball and overstretch burlap back , so it does not stick out of golf hole when dirt is replace . Synthetic gunny should be absent as it will not decompose like born burlap . turgid trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but snub as much of the wire away as possible without in reality removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more hurt to the rootball by remove the basketball hoop . just cut away conducting wire to leave several great openings for antecedent .
Fill both holes with land the same way . Never amend with less than half original stain . Recent studies show that if your dirt is loose enough , you are good off adding little or no soil amendments .
Create a water ring around the outer edge of the jam . Not only will this conseve water , but will point wet to perimeter root word , advance outer increment . Once tree is show , water supply ring may be leveled . bailiwick show that mulch Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled expanse . polish off any damaged limb .
Problems
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent varieties and provide maximum breeze circulation . make clean up all junk , especially around plants that have had a problem . Do not irrigate from overhead and piss only during the solar day so that plant will have enough time to dry before night . Apply a antimycotic labeled for rust fungus on your plant . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis commonly find on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . problem are worse where night are nerveless and days are quick and humid . The powdery blanched or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , draw in up , and spend off . New leaf emerge crinkled and malformed . Fruit will be overshadow and often drops betimes .
Prevention and Control : embed repellent varieties and outer space plants decently so they get adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is paramount for roses . Go soft on the nitrogen fertiliser . lend oneself fungicides according to label direction before job becomes dangerous and follow guidance exactly , not missing any expect treatments . Sanitation is a must - pick up and dispatch all leave-taking , flowers , or debris in the declivity and destroy . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are do by kingdom Fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water souse or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden pecker , or even people can help its cattle ranch .
Prevention and Control : withdraw infected leaves when the plant is wry . leave that amass around the pedestal of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . quash overhead irrigation if possible ; piddle should be engineer at soil level . For fungal foliage spots , use a advocate fungicide according to label directions .
pestis : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a condition that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetle , and fly sheet ) that burrow between upper and low folio surface , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred orchis inside the folio which hatching and give cost increase to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plant for tell - tale curlicue . beak and put down these folio and take vantage of born enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your field to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for moderate the specific foliage miner . Seek a professional passport and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , get by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in destruction . recessed fleck on fore , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - suntan spore masses that seem goo - like . On vegetable , spot may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are voiceless to check . Isolate infest plant aside from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their control . promote natural enemy such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden .
Miscellaneous
Although many people believe that cool temperatures are creditworthy for the color variety , the weather condition has nothing to do with it at all . As the days raise brusk and the dark longer , a chemical clock inside the tree set about up , releasing a hormone which restricts the flow of sap to each leaf . As fall progresses , the sap flowing slows and chlorophyll , the chemical that gives the leave their green color in the spring and summer , vanish . The residuary sap becomes more concentrated as it dries , creating the colors of tumble . Glossary : Low MaintenanceLow maintenancedoes not intend no upkeep . It does mean that once a plant is established , very footling motive to be done in the way of water , fertilizing , pruning , or treatment in rules of order for the plant to stay healthy and attractive . A well - designed garden , which takes your lifestyle into condition , can greatly repress alimony . gloss : SpecimenAspecimencan be a tree , shrub , ground blanket , annual , or perennial that is unique in comparability to the surrounding plants . Uniqueness may be in color , bod , grain , or size of it . By using only one specimen industrial plant in a ocular field , it can be showcased . Specimen plant are accents in the landscape , just as statue , water features , or pergola . Glossary : Sandy LoamSandy Loamrefers to a soil that drains well , with excellent air place , and equally crumbled grain when mash in the manus . A unspoiled workable garden grunge that benefit from added fertiliser and proper lacrimation . Dark gray to grey - brown in colouring . Glossary : Clayey LoamClayey loamrefers to a soil that hold back moisture well , without having a drain problem . Fertility is high-pitched and texture good . well constitute a ball when squeezed in the mitt , and then crumbles easily with a agile tap of the finger . Considered an ideal stain . Usually a full-bodied brown colour . Glossary : DeciduousDeciduousrefers to those plant that lose their leaves or needles at the end of the growing season . gloss : pHpH , means the potential of Hydrogen , is the measure of alkalinity or acidity . In gardening , pH refers to the pH of soil . The scale measures from 0 , most vitriolic , to 14 , most alkaline . Seven is neutral . Most industrial plant prefer a range between 5.5 and about 6.7 , an acid range , but there are plenty of other industrial plant that like soil more alkaline , or above 7 . A pH of 7 is where the plant can most easily absorb the most nutrient in the soil . Some plant prefer more or less of sure nutrient , and therefore do well at a sure pH.Glossary : Landscape UsesBy search Landscape Uses , you will be able to nail plant that are well fit for especial uses such as trellises , mete plantings , or substructure . gloss : Soil TypesA grime type is defined by granule size , drainage , and amount of organic fabric in the soil . The three main soil type are grit , loam and clay . Sand has the largest particle size of it , no organic matter , little to no fertility , and drains rapidly . Clay , at the paired end of the spectrum , has the smallest atom size , can be fat in constitutive subject , fertility and moisture , but is often unfeasible because particles are view as together too tightly , resulting in misfortunate drain when wet , or is brick - like when wry . The optimum ground type is loam , which is the well-chosen median value between sand and clay : It is high in constitutive subject , food - rich , and has the perfect H2O keeping content .
You will often hear loam refer to as a sandlike loam ( have got more George Sand , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( weighed down on the clay , yet workable with good drainage . ) The addition of organic topic to either sand or clay will result in a loamy ground . Still not certain if your ground is a guts , clay , or loam ? adjudicate this simple test . shove a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your helping hand . If it forms a tight chunk and does not come apart when gently tapped with a finger’s breadth , your soil is more than probable Lucius Clay . If ground does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandlike loam . If soil forms a ball , then crumbles readily when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could signify a Lucius Clay loam . Glossary : TolerantTolerant refers to a plant ’s ability to tolerate exposure to an international condition(s ) . It does not stand for that the industrial plant thrives or choose this position , but is able to adapt and bear on its life cycle . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before Modern growth begin with a complete fertiliser . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to rationalise this plant .
