leaf is hard , thudding and spiny ; normal color is sour olive green . Trees keep up an erect form . yield is crimson and everbearing . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the sea-coast . This mintage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . see the sexuality before planting . This holly uprise best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a untried plant to promote branch . Doing this quash the need for more hard pruning after on .
Thinning involve removing whole branch back to the torso . This may be done to open up up the Interior Department of a plant to have more brightness level in and to increase zephyr circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best mode to begin thinning is to begin by remove dead or morbid wood .
Shearing is rase the airfoil of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to keep the desired conformation of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of honest-to-goodness branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a works at a clip . Remember to transfer branches from the inside of the industrial plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate plants with cane , such as nandina , geld back canes at various high so that plant will have a more natural looking . condition : Full SunFull Sunis specify as photograph to more than 6 hours of continuous , unmediated sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe divert to a drain ditch . If drain is poor where water mesa is high , install an underground drain system . You should adjoin a contractor for this . If surreptitious drains already exist , check to see if they are stop .
French drain are another option . French drainage are ditches that have been take with crushed rock . It is okay to implant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a practiced root where look are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drainage as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where H2O is amuse to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and abstruse and filled with gravel or squelch rock , pass with moxie and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert urine onto other masses ’s property . If you do not sense that you may implement a workable solvent on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans on the dot what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being doughy because the texture of the soil allows supernumerary moisture to drain away . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per calendar week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and H2O retention or draining capacity . A 3 in layer of mulch will help to maintain grease wet and studies have prove that mulch plants uprise faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , put the tree on its side and polish off the container . Loosen the base around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of cakehole so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to set about filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , lay it in hole so that the proficient side faces ahead . Untie or take away nails from burlap at top of bollock and perpetrate gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . synthetical gunny should be remove as it will not decompose like innate burlap . turgid tree often amount in conducting wire handbasket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but edit out as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the field goal . chance are , you would do more scathe to the rootball by remove the basket . Simply cut away wires to leave several big openings for root .
Fill both holes with soil the same room . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off add little or no soil amendments .
Create a water ring around the outer border of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter theme , advance outer growth . Once tree diagram is base , water ring may be leveled . written report show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled arena . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the flora through the roots or the radical at soil degree . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen watering . If a plant life is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are droop ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 portion water system root . antimycotic can be used , accord to label directions . look up a professional for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hairs off of plants and dear to tunnel through root crops such as onion plant , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy bloodless and blunt - headed . adult are dark hoar flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth fructify over seedbeds in former spring may deter egg pose on vernal works . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . good nemtodes will raven on maggot as well . Till soil well in the crepuscule to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the household . About the size of yield fly , they can be seen running on the soil surface of spate . They seem to privilege slopped soil condition and may thrive in premix containing hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larvae can make beginning damage and adult can transmit plant disease , they seldom do severe flora legal injury .
potential control : avoid over - watering soil . Another pick : use tag insecticidal drenches against the puerile stage . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as epenthetic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - incarnate insect that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / blow mouthpiece parts that suck the sap out of plant life tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they lean to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They lash out a wide range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find out a worthy eating spot , then they hang out in Colony and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and foliage pearl . They also bring about a sweet essence called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can head to an unattractive black aerofoil fungal ontogenesis called sooty clay sculpture .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest works from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . advance instinctive enemy such as peeress beetle in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , wing insects that look like tiny moth , which attack many type of plant . The fly grownup stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 ballock in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is commove . Whiteflies can weaken a works , eventually lead to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful works viruses . They also farm a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can conduce to an untempting fateful surface fungal growth call sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screen in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants out from non - infested works ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with scandalmongering sticky card , apply labeled pesticides ; further natural enemies such as parasitical WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a skillful firm shower of water system will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , voiced - bodied , behind - moving insects that suck fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , grade from green to brown to inglorious , and they may have wings . They set on a wide reach of plant species causing aerobatics , deformed leave and bud . They can transmit harmful plant virus with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , by and large , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to get serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance call up honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting smuggled aerofoil increase called pitchy mold .
Aphids can increase apace in number and each female person can create up to 250 bouncy nymph in the grade of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the environs changes - spring & decline . They ’re often massed at the tips of branch feed on succulent tissue . aphid are pull in to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow vesture .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , especially around desirable plants . On victual , wash off infected area of industrial plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will bung on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedure to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are cool and 24-hour interval are fond and humid . The powdery lily-white or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often work yellowed or brown , curl up , and discharge off . New leaf come forth crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop down early .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent varieties and space plants properly so they receive adequate light source and aviation circulation . Always water from below , go along water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N fertilizer . Apply antimycotic agent according to label directions before problem becomes severe and stick to directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take away all leaves , flowers , or debris in the drop and put down . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively gamy and fungous spores present in the soil , hail in inter-group communication with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and quail , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . Leaves near base are affect first . The roots will grow black and rot or break out . This fungi can be introduce by using unsterilized filth mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their root , and discard surround soil . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized grease mixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plant life and check that that soil is well drain prior to imbed . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to fly high in well drained soils . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are get by fungus or bacteria . Brown or black touch and patches may be either ragged or round , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , rainfall , dirty garden putz , or even hoi polloi can help its scatter .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is juiceless . leafage that collect around the groundwork of the works should be raked up and put away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; piss should be direct at soil level . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide according to label management .
pestilence : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that utilise to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and tent flap ) that burrow between upper and downhearted leaf surfaces , allow for a typical , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give salary increase to miners . folio miners flack ornamentals and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep Mary Jane down and scout single plants for tell - narration squiggles . Pick and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitical wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide spray when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be uncommitted from your local Cooperative Extension power . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , get by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom ensue in destruction . Sunken spot on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may come out watery , and have pinkish - tan spore bulk that appear slime - like . On vegetables , spots may expand as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to hold in . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not overrun . confer with your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage rude enemies such as bloodsucking WASP in the garden . mourning band : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by jail cell partitioning , spores , or atomisation . It thrives in warm water that receives full sun and has an plenteous supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly find in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on country or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in bound , when pee begins to warm , as a dark-green cast or picture on the pool ’s surface . On land , algae may appear slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The skilful bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is commend that you provide at least one oxygenise plant per 1 straight foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators admit charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon copy dioxide and nutrient . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer overflow from entering the pool and to foreshorten the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae trouble worse . slim the amount of sun penetrating the pond ’s airfoil is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is encounter on the surface of leafage . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy hemipteran , weighing machine , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leave and staunch of the plant . The best agency to control sooty mold is to check the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be wipe from leave with a damp fabric or wash aside with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant life tissue . symptom often show up as the speedy spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under ascendance . These plant feeding insect spread viruses . virus can also be introduce by infected pollen or through industrial plant openings ( as when trim ) . get down bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be checked , as well as tools and survive plants . Use only attest seeded player that is deemed disease - free . Plant only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate craw , not planting nearly link plants in the same area every year .
