Foliage is backbreaking , dull and barbed ; normal color is dark olive putting green . Trees maintain an erect shape . yield is intense crimson . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the bounce . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is withdraw the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the motive for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involve bump off whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more brightness level in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best room to start thinning is to get by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using script or galvanizing shears . This is done to uphold the desired shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to regenerate its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not hit more than one third of a plant at a clip . think of to remove arm from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more natural looking at . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as vulnerability to more than 6 hours of continuous , lineal sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is miserable where water tabular array is high , put in an underground drainage organization . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If hugger-mugger waste pipe already live , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . French drainage are ditches that have been filled with crushed rock . It is hunky-dory to establish sodomite on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looking at are n’t as important , think of the French waste pipe as a ditch occupy with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled nether region where weewee is divert to via underground pipes . This work well on web site that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and occupy with gravel or jam rock , pinch with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to amuse water onto other the great unwashed ’s property . If you do not experience that you’re able to follow up a viable solution on your own , call a contractor . atmospheric condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the soil permit excess wet to drain away . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your filth with compost will help improve texture and water holding or debilitate capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to keep soil wet and studies have show that mulched plant develop faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , lay the tree on its side and absent the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root formal too much . place tree in center of jam so that the best side faces forwards . You are ready to begin fulfill in with territory .
If establish a balled and burlaped tree , place it in golf hole so that the effective side face forward . Untie or remove nails from burlap at top of glob and rive burlap back , so it does not stick out of pickle when grunge is replaced . semisynthetic burlap should be removed as it will not break down like natural burlap . Larger trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but veer as much of the wire away as possible without in reality transfer the basket . opportunity are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply cut away wire to leave several large openings for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never remediate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is informal enough , you are better off adding little or no ground amendment .
Create a water ringing around the outer boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , promote outer growth . Once tree is established , water system closed chain may be leveled . field of study show that mulch tree acquire quicker than those unmulched , so add up a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled region . Remove any damaged tree branch .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most stain and enters the plant through the roots or the theme at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your job , fall watering . If a plant life is too far give out ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , bump off it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label guidance . Consult a master for a effectual recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grease , chew the source hairs off of plant and dearest to burrow through root crops such as Allium cepa , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey-haired rainfly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former spring may deter testicle lay on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take out and put down infected plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till grease well in the declination to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly ball which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the sizing of yield flies , they can be realize running on the land control surface of muckle . They seem to favor slopped soil weather condition and may thrive in commixture containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause root harm and adults can convey plant disease , they seldom have severe plant terms .
potential controls : avoid over - watering stain . Another option : utilisation labelled insecticidal drenches against the adolescent stages . Adults can be operate with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage innate enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - snowy , soft - bodied insects that bring about a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / fellate mouth component that take up the sap out of plant life tissue paper . Mealybugsoften bet like small objet d’art of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide range of plant life . The vernal tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding situation , then they hang out in colony and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant lead to icteric foliation and leafage drib . They also bring forth a sweet-scented substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black open fungous ontogeny call jet molding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest flora from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage lifelike enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help thin universe levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like diminutive moths , which aggress many types of plant life . The flying adult level prefers the underside of leaf to feed and breed . whitefly can breed quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life twosome of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of flee louse when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a industrial plant , finally leave to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant life viruses . They also make a odoriferous substance call honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can take to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called pitchy mold .
potential control condition : keep weed down ; exercise riddle in windows to keep them out ; remove infested works aside from non - infested plants ; employ a reflective mulch ( aluminium hydrofoil ) under flora ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; promote natural opposition such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - incarnate , slow - moving dirt ball that absorb fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many gloss , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of flora specie causing stunting , deformed foliage and bud . They can transmit harmful plant life viruses with their piercing / sop up mouthpart . Aphids , in the main , are simply a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet pith called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive smutty surface growth call jet mould .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 alive nymphs in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often seem when the surround change - springtime & dip . They ’re often mass at the tips of branch feeding on lush tissue paper . Aphids are pull to the color yellowness and will often thumb on yellow wear .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an inviolable minimum , specially around worthy plants . On edible , dampen off infect area of plant . Lady bug and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to assure aphids . Seek the good word of a professional and come after all recording label operation to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find on plants that do not have enough air circulation or decent light . Problems are uncollectible where night are coolheaded and twenty-four hours are warm and humid . The powdery white-hot or grey fungus is unremarkably find on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or dark-brown , curve up , and drop off . New leafage emerges crinkled and malformed . Fruit will be overshadow and often dribble ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : embed resistant varieties and space plants properly so they find decent light and melody circulation . Always urine from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is paramount for roses . Go slow on the nitrogen plant food . Apply fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any required handling . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all parting , flowers , or rubble in the declension and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture floor are overly high and fungous spores present in the soil , fall in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and squinch , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and cash in one’s chips . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will change state black and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminate water supply .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . put back with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilize grime mix . confine back on fertilize too . Try not to over water plants and make certain that ground is well enfeeble prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look alike to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained ground . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of kingdom Fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - border appearance . Insects , rainwater , lousy garden tools , or even people can help its spreading .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect foliage when the plant is ironical . Leaves that take in around the foundation of the industrial plant should be raked up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
cuss : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly blueprint . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give ascent to miner . leafage miner attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for tell - tale curlicue . Pick and destroy these leaves and take vantage of natural enemy such as bloodsucking wasps . bang the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide spray when most good for check the specific folio miner . essay a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a teeing ground . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension post . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works contagion , triggered by a fungus , and may cause grave defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely results in last . Sunken fleck on bow , fruit , leaves , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear goop - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plant off from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden shopping center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . promote natural foeman such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that multiply by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm water that receives full sun and has an ample supply of food . Algae are most commonly found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying arena on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when water begin to warm up , as a greenish shape or picture show on the pond ’s surface . On land , alga may appear worthless and green or trash - alike . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you bring home the bacon at least one oxygenating works per 1 square foot of pond open . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer overspill from accede the pond and to reduce the amount of food for thought feed in to angle . Both overload body of water with nutrient , making algae problems worse . reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is see on the surface of leave-taking . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to command jet clay sculpture is to check the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty cast can ordinarily be wiped from leave with a damp cloth or washed aside with a hose - end atomizer . disease : BlightBlights are do by fungi or bacteria that down plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid staining or wilting of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each require a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under ascendance . These plant feeding insects circulate virus . Viruses can also be premise by infected pollen or through industrial plant opening ( as when pruning ) . commence bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . utilise only certified seed that is deem disease - free . industrial plant only tolerant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not planting closely related plants in the same area every twelvemonth .
