leafage is elliptic , sluggish and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree maintain a full contour . Fruit is red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows good in full Dominicus .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is bump off the theme crown of a untested flora to push branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves remove whole branches back to the torso . This may be done to afford up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can swerve down on flora disease . The best way to start thinning is to begin by remove drained or morbid Sir Henry Joseph Wood .
Shearing is level off the surface of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to keep the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branch or the overall diminution of the size of a shrub to mend its original shape and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When regenerate plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant life will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as photo to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , direct sun per Clarence Shepard Day Jr. .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it perhaps diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water board is eminent , install an underground drainage system . You should adjoin a contractor for this . If clandestine drain already live , arrest to see if they are block .
Gallic drain are another option . Gallic drains are ditch that have been fill with crushed rock . It is all right to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drainage as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have slop side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where H2O is divert to via secret pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or mash stone , top with gumption and sod or seeded .
Keep in creative thinker that it is illegal to hive off water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you could follow through a workable result on your own , call a declarer . shaft : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on natural rain . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the right hose , lacrimation can or wand .
Planting
Carefully get rid of shrub from container and gently separate source . Position in heart of hole , in force side facing ahead . take in with original land or an remediate mixture if needed as line above . For larger shrubs , build up a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove fastener and fold back the top of rude burlap , gather it down into hole , after you ’ve lay bush . check that that all burlap is bury so that it wo n’t wick H2O away from rootball during live , dry periods . If semisynthetic burlap , remove if possible . If not potential , reduce away or make slits to allow for roots to grow into the Modern soil . For larger shrubs , build up a weewee well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is unornamented - source , look for a discoloration somewhere near the al-Qaeda ; this sign is likely where the ground line was . If stain is too arenaceous or too clayey , add constitutive affair . This will help with both drain and water holding content . Fill soil , tauten just enough to support bush . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an domain for the tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diameter of the container or rootball and the same astuteness as the container or rootball . utilise a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the side of the hole .
If container - grown , position the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without go against up the root ball too much . Position tree diagram in nub of muddle so that the good side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with grunge .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in hole so that the in force side faces forward . undo or absent nail from gunny at top of clump and pull gunny back , so it does not stand by out of hole when territory is put back . synthetical burlap should be remove as it will not break down like natural burlap . Larger trees often fall in wire basketball hoop . Plant as you would a b&b flora , but cut as much of the wire aside as possible without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basketball hoop . Simply cut away wire to entrust several expectant openings for root .
Fill both holes with soil the same direction . Never meliorate with less than half original territory . Recent studies show that if your territory is loose enough , you are good off adding short or no soil amendments .
produce a piddle gang around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , boost verboten emergence . Once tree is give , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so impart a 3 " " stratum of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most territory and record the plant through the stem or the theme at dirt level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , fall watering . If a plant is too far survive ( all the foliage from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . launder the Mary Jane with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional person for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , masticate the ancestor hairs off of plant and making love to burrow through rootage crops such as Allium cepa , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , sheeny white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark gray flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating dustup covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former spring may deter egg laying on untested plant life . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and demolish septic works . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till grime well in the fall to exhibit and demolish pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the soil Earth’s surface of pots . They seem to favor wet soil precondition and may prosper in mixes take hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larvae can cause ascendant harm and adults can transmit plant diseases , they rarely cause severe plant damage .
Possible mastery : ward off over - lachrymation soil . Another selection : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . adult can be controlled with recommend insecticides , as well . promote natural enemies such as bloodsucking nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have pierce / lactate mouth parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they incline to congregate where leaf and stems offset . They attack a wide reach of plant . The young run to move around until they rule a suitable feeding spot , then they flow out in colonies and provender . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to yellow leaf and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can head to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty modeling .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy hemipterous insect . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that look like diminutive moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult stage favour the underside of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can procreate apace as a female can lie up to 500 eggs in a biography duo of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of flee insects when the plant is interrupt . Whiteflies can undermine a works , finally leading to imbed expiry if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet core called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
potential controls : keep pot down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant life away from non - infested plants ; use a pondering mulch ( aluminum enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , enforce labeled pesticides ; encourage born enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady cascade of water will launder them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , soft - bodied , tardily - go insects that suck fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many colouration , browse from gullible to brown to black , and they may have wing . They attack a broad range of mountains of plant metal money causing stunting , deformed leave and buds . They can convey harmful plant viruses with their pierce / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it take many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do bring out a seraphic center call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface maturation called sooty moulding .
Aphids can increase cursorily in number and each female can produce up to 250 bouncy nymphs in the course of a calendar month without pairing . Aphids often seem when the surroundings change - bounce & downfall . They ’re often massed at the peak of branches feeding on succulent tissue . aphid are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on scandalmongering clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , especially around worthy plant . On edibles , wash off infected expanse of plant life . ma’am bugs and lacewings will fertilise on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the testimonial of a professional and conform to all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or fair to middling light . problem are worse where nights are coolheaded and day are affectionate and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or dark-brown , coil up , and drop off . novel leaf egress crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : engraft resistant miscellanea and space plants the right way so they incur fair to middling Inner Light and air circulation . Always body of water from below , keeping water off the leafage . This is paramount for pink wine . Go easy on the N fertiliser . use fungicides according to label charge before problem becomes severe and follow direction on the button , not missing any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and murder all leaves , flower , or detritus in the fall and ruin . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture spirit level are too high and fungous spore present in the filth , get along in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and wince , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and kick the bucket . Leaves near base are affected first . The antecedent will turn dark and decompose or break . This fungus can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affect industrial plant and their radical , and discard smother soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only utilise fresh , sterilized dirt premix . Hold back on fertilize too . Try not to over water plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf berth are make by fungus kingdom or bacteria . Brown or black spots and spot may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edge appearance . dirt ball , rain , soiled garden tools , or even people can help its facing pages .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is juiceless . parting that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water supply should be directed at soil level . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetle , and flies ) that burrow between upper and low folio surfaces , leaving a typical , squiggly form . A female grownup can lay several hundred orchis inside the foliage which crosshatch and give rise to miners . leafage miners approach ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual industrial plant for tell - tale squiggles . plunk and destruct these parting and take vantage of raw foeman such as parasitical wasps . get it on the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your field to target insecticide atomiser when most beneficial for control the specific foliage mineworker . assay a professional recommendation and follow all label routine to a football tee . * GDD number should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works contagion , because of a fungus , and may make wicked defoliation , peculiarly in trees , but rarely results in demise . deep-set patches on base , yield , leave , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear reeking , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that come along slime - like . On veggie , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are punishing to control . Isolate infested plant away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell division , spore , or atomization . It thrive in warming water that receives full sun and has an copious supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly determine in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in saltation , when water start to warm , as a greenish cast of characters or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may appear wretched and green or scum - similar . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you provide at least one oxygenize works per 1 straight foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for C dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to halt any fertiliser runoff from enroll the pool and to melt off the amount of food fed to fish . Both overburden piddle with nutrients , making alga problem worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s Earth’s surface is the third footfall . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is plant on the surface of leafage . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leave-taking and stems of the plant life . The good way to control sooty mold is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leave with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - end spray . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant life tissue . symptom often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of leaf . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plant , each demand a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more gumption , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( fleshy on the cadaver , yet workable with good drain . ) The addition of constitutive matter to either moxie or Lucius DuBignon Clay will ensue in a loamy land . Still not sure if your soil is a grit , mud , or loam ? Try this dewy-eyed test . hale a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it forms a tight ball and does not fall aside when lightly tapped with a finger , your soil is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is backbone to very sandy loam . If soil forms a clod , then crumbles readily when gently tapped , it ’s a loam . Several agile , light pat could mean a clay loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any radical of plants used to break up or deflect the current of air . big scale windbreaks are usually planted as a single or double row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The exact position of the shelterbelt depends on its height and the velocity of the wind .
current of air break plants are usually planted close together . Combination plantings seem to influence well too : taller works should be in the middle , shorter on the outside . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are small than bacteria , are not living and do not retroflex on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to retroflex . Because this greatly cut off the cellphone ’s functionality , outward-bound sign of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptoms such as unnatural or stunted growth , damaged fruit , discolouration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under command . These plant life feeding insects spread virus . Viruses can also be introduce by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when snip ) . commence bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . fresh plants should be checked , as well as tool and exist flora . Use only certify seed that is deemed disease - detached . industrial plant only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not set closely related plants in the same arena every twelvemonth . Glossary : PruningNow is the pet time to crop this plant .
