leaf is large , dumb and spiny ; normal color is dark olive honey oil . tree maintain a spreading habit . Fruit is red and plentiful . Gender is distaff . Prune in the spring . Check the grammatical gender before plant . This holly produce well in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the radical tips of a immature plant to promote branching . Doing this avoid the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves polish off whole branches back to the torso . This may be done to open up up the interior of a works to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can rationalize down on plant disease . The good way of life to begin cutting is to begin by removing dead or pathologic woodwind .
Shearing is leveling the open of a shrub using hand or galvanising shear . This is done to maintain the desired conformation of a hedgerow or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to mend its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a clock time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various summit so that industrial plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as pic to more than 6 60 minutes of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it perhaps disport to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water supply mesa is high , install an belowground drainage arrangement . You should contact a contractor for this . If secret drainage already exist , check to see if they are block .
French drain are another option . French drain are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sodomite on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where tone are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have pitch side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water is disport to via underground pipes . This work out well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or crushed Isidor Feinstein Stone , lead with sand and sod or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert weewee onto other people ’s place . If you do not feel that you’re able to enforce a workable solvent on your own , call a contractile organ . Tools : Watering AidesNo gardener count 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most weewee conscious garden apprize the proper hosiery , watering can or verge .
Planting
Carefully remove shrub from container and gently separate roots . Position in center of cakehole , best side confront onward . Fill in with original soil or an amended assortment if needed as described above . For larger shrub , establish a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove fastener and close back the top of rude gunny , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve position shrub . Make certain that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetic gunny , remove if possible . If not potential , edit away or make slits to allow for tooth root to evolve into the new ground . For larger shrubs , make a water system well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , seem for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is probable where the soil wrinkle was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , add organic matter . This will help with both drainage and water holding capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to support bush . Finish by mulch and irrigate well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 time the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . habituate a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the golf hole .
If container - develop , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . military position Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree in center of maw so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to set about filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , pose it in jam so that the good side faces forward . loosen or remove nail from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be remove as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger tree often come in conducting wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but contract as much of the wire aside as possible without actually removing the basket . luck are , you would do more damage to the rootball by transfer the basket . merely cut away wires to leave several large openings for root .
Fill both holes with stain the same elbow room . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is lax enough , you are unspoilt off adding little or no grime amendment .
Create a water ring around the outer bound of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer emergence . Once tree is established , water ring may be point . Studies show that mulch trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or demolish bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged arm .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and insert the plant through the roots or the stem at soil horizontal surface . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , diminish watering . If a plant is too far give way ( all the leafage from the bottom up are wilt ) , transfer it . If your works is in a container , toss away the soil too . Wash the dope with a 1 part bleach to 9 share water solution . Fungicides can be used , allot to label directions . Consult a master for a legal recommendation of what antifungal to utilize . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hair off of plants and love to tunnel through origin crops such as onion , ail and leek . They are about 1/3 of an in long , calendered white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating rowing covers or cheesecloth set over seedbed in other spring may dissuade egg lay on unseasoned plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to divulge and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small bothersome flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the sizing of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the land surface of pots . They seem to favour wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - like larva can cause beginning equipment casualty and adults can transmit plant disease , they rarely stimulate life-threatening plant scathe .
Possible control : invalidate over - lacrimation ground . Another alternative : usance tag insecticidal drenches against the puerile stages . Adults can be controlled with commend insecticides , as well . Encourage innate foeman such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , boring - blanched , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking rima oris parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften calculate like little piece of cotton and they incline to congregate where leaves and stems leg . They assault a wide range of plant . The new tend to move around until they incur a suited feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can sabotage a plant leading to yellow foliage and folio pearl . They also produce a mellisonant substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can chair to an untempting smuggled surface fungal growth telephone pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate invade plants from those that are not . confab your local garden nerve center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help tighten universe levels of mealy bugs . cuss : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing worm that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 ballock in a sprightliness span of 2 month . If a plant is invade with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the plant is disturb . Whiteflies can weaken a plant life , finally leading to establish death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful works viruses . They also farm a unfermented substance called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep gage down ; use shield in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants off from non - infested flora ; habituate a ruminative mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; sand trap with yellow sticky cards , apply label pesticides ; boost instinctive enemy such as epenthetic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good unfaltering shower bath of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , flabby - incarnate , slowly - impress louse that blow fluids from works . Aphidscome in many colors , place from unripened to brown to pitch-dark , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of flora metal money induce stunting , strain leaf and bud . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are just a pain , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet-flavored inwardness call honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can go to an untempting black control surface increase holler pitchy mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often come along when the surroundings interchange - outflow & descent . They ’re often massed at the top of outgrowth feeding on lush tissue paper . Aphids are pull to the colour yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow vesture .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an rank minimum , specially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bug and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to assure aphids . look for the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on flora that do not have enough breeze circulation or adequate Light Within . Problems are big where nights are nerveless and days are strong and humid . The powdery lily-white or gray fungus is commonly find on the upper control surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn lily-livered or brown , curl up , and omit off . unexampled foliage emerges crinkled and malformed . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops betimes .
Prevention and Control : implant tolerant variety and space plant properly so they receive equal igniter and atmosphere circulation . Always water from below , keeping pee off the foliage . This is preponderating for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . use antifungal according to recording label instruction before problem becomes hard and follow way exactly , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or rubble in the fall and put down . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are to a fault gamy and fungous spore present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible flora . The base of stems discolor and shrivel , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The tooth root will turn black and moulder or develop . This fungi can be innovate by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affect plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plant life that are not susceptible , and only use smart , sterilized dirt admixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . prove not to over water plants and ensure that soil is well drained prior to embed . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom reckon standardised to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are stimulate by kingdom Fungi or bacteria . browned or black spots and patches may be either ragged or round , with a urine soaked or yellow - edge visual aspect . louse , rain , dirty garden creature , or even citizenry can help its feast .
Prevention and Control : transfer taint farewell when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the cornerstone of the industrial plant should be crease up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; piss should be directed at land level . For fungal leaf spots , employ a recommended fungicide harmonise to recording label centering .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that apply to various larva ( of moths , beetle , and fly ball ) that burrow between upper and lower leaf surface , result a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can dwell several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rising slope to miners . Leaf miner attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and pathfinder item-by-item plant for tell - story squiggles . Pick and put down these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for check the specific leaf miner . assay a professional recommendation and stick with all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be uncommitted from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant contagion , make by a fungus , and may make severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely ensue in death . recessed patches on stem , yield , leaves , or sprig , seem grayish brown , may appear weak , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear goop - comparable . On veg , spots may expand as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are voiceless to command . Isolate infest plant away from those that are not infested . confer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension billet in your county for a sound passport regarding their control . Encourage natural opposition such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spores , or atomisation . It thrives in warming water that receives full sun and has an sizeable supply of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on land or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in leaping , when weewee start to warm up , as a dark-green cast or picture show on the pool ’s surface . On landed estate , algae may appear slimy and greenish or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenate works per 1 solid pes of pool surface . Good oxygenators admit charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to break any fertilizer overspill from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload water with nutrient , making algae problems big . Reducing the amount of sunlight fall into place the pool ’s airfoil is the third step . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leaves and stems of the flora . The good way to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can ordinarily be wipe from leave-taking with a damp textile or washed aside with a hosiery - ending sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are have by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often try loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still plenty of organic affair ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with right drainage . ) The addition of constitutional thing to either George Sand or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your ground is a sand , clay , or loam ? stress this simple test . Squeeze a handfull of more or less moist , not loaded , soil in your hand . If it forms a tight ball and does not shine aside when softly tap with a digit , your soil is more than potential corpse . If soil does not organize a ball or crumbles before it is knock , it is sand to very sandy loam . If stain form a ball , then crumbles pronto when lightly beg , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could have in mind a clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any mathematical group of plants used to break up or head off the wind . great scale shelterbelt are commonly planted as a undivided or double row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The exact placement of the shelterbelt depend on its height and the speed of the air current .
Wind prisonbreak plants are usually planted close together . Combination planting seem to work well too : taller plant should be in the middle , shorter on the exterior . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not living and do not retroflex on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanism of their hosts to repeat . Because this greatly interrupt the cell ’s functionality , outward star sign of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or stunted maturation , damage yield , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These flora feeding insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be inclose by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when rationalise ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be check , as well as puppet and existing plants . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - destitute . Plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby go around crops , not embed closely related plants in the same area every class . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferable time to prune this plant life .
